Chapters › Origins & Kerma · Sudan – Middle Nile
C-Group (Lower Nubia)
2400 BCE – 1550 BCE Arabic under review
Approximate area of control
Research in progress No sourced map of this era's territory yet, so no area is drawn.
Dating note
GHA II ch.9: C-Group appears late Old Kingdom/First Intermediate Period and lasts until Egyptianisation of Nubia in the 16th c. BCE; -2400 start sits at the early edge. Aniba verified: Pleiades 795777 (BAtlas 81 C3).
Key events
- Pastoralist culture contemporary with Kerma
Capitals / sites
Aniba
Geopolitics
Appeared in Lower Nubia late in the Old Kingdom or First Intermediate Period; lasted until the full Egyptianisation of Nubia in the 16th c. BCE; northern limit at Kubanieh North (GHA II ch.9).
Culture
Chalcolithic culture with its own burial traditions; brick chapels against tombs; continued despite increasing contact with Egypt (GHA II ch.9).
Economy
'Essentially cattle-herding people who lived in small camps or occasionally settled in villages'; inferred from rock pictures of cattle and the prominence of cattle in burial rites (GHA II ch.9, p.252).
Regional power
Research in progress We have not yet read a source for this section. It will be added once one is checked; nothing is filled in by guesswork.
Open data flags
- regional_power: no actors scored
- Pass 13 text: Arabic is a working translation; needs native review
Sources
- G. Mokhtar (ed.), UNESCO International Scientific Committee (1981) General History of Africa, II: Ancient Civilizations of Africa UNESCO / Heinemann / University of California Press link [en]
- C. Rilly, V. Francigny, M. Maillot, B. François, O. Nicoloso (2017) Histoire et civilisations du Soudan, de la Préhistoire à nos jours Soleb / Bleu autour / SFDAS link [fr]
- Pleiades gazetteer Place 795777 ISAW, NYU link [en]
- K. Michałowski (1981) The spreading of Christianity in Nubia (General History of Africa II, ch.12) UNESCO link [en]
- Wikipedia contributors C-Group culture Wikipedia link [en]