Language versions
How French, Chinese, Russian and other sources date the same eras.
diff: de · diff: en · diff: fr · diff: ru · diff: zh
| Era | Lang | Status | Claim | Main dataset | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingdom of Kerma | fr | agree | Groupe C et royaume de Kerma 2450–1450 | -2450/-1480 (+Final Kerma to c.1450 in key_events) | SFDAS_HCS2017 |
| A-Group (Lower Nubia) | fr | conflict | Groupe A, Pré-Kerma 3500–2500 | -3800/-2900 | SFDAS_HCS2017; French synthesis brackets later start/end |
| Kingdom of Kush – Meroitic period | fr | agree | Méroïtic dynasty takes power c.270 BCE | start -270 | FR_MUSEE_MEROE |
| Kingdom of Kush – Meroitic period | fr | partial | Méroé succombe vers 270 apr. J.-C. sous les assauts des Noubas (from the West) | collapsed in the 4th century CE; cause debated (Noba per GHA II; Aksumite campaign of Ezana) | FR_MUSEE_MEROE; agent agrees with GHA II (Noba); date differs (c.270 vs 4th c.) |
| Kingdom of Kush – Meroitic period | fr | partial | Amanirénas fought Petronius in a war of 25–21 BCE | Napata taken 23 BCE, Samos 21/20 (GHA II); which kandake is unresolved | FR_MUSEE_MEROE; French text names Amanirenas outright |
| Kingdom of Kush – Meroitic period | de | no-conflict | Naga Blütezeit 200 v. Chr.–250 n. Chr. | no Naga-specific dates | NAGA_PROJ |
| Kingdom of Kush – Napatan period | zh | partial | 公元前530年左右迁都麦罗埃 (capital moved to Meroe c.530 BCE); Psamtik II sacked Napata 591 BCE | burial shift to Meroe c.270 BCE; GHA: Aspelta first attested Meroe sovereign | ZH_EMB_HIST2020; capital vs royal burial distinction; 591 matches GHA |
| Kingdom of Kerma | zh | phase-difference | 公元前1700年建立了库施王国(首都在科尔马) (Kush kingdom founded 1700 BCE with capital at Kerma) | -2450 start | ZH_EMB_HIST2020; 1700 BCE matches Classic Kerma (c.1750–1480 BCE, kerma.ch) and GHA II's Kerma (—1730 to —1580); dataset dates Early Kerma from 2450 |
| Kingdom of Kush – Meroitic period | zh | partial | 公元350年，库施被阿克苏姆王国所消灭 (destroyed by Aksum 350 CE) | collapsed in the 4th century CE; cause debated (Noba per GHA II; Aksumite campaign of Ezana) | ZH_EMB_HIST2020; date agrees (4th c.); attributing the destruction to Aksum conflicts with GHA II, which says Meroe had already collapsed by Ezana's campaign |
| Kingdom of Kush – Napatan period | zh | partial | 约前950年摆脱埃及统治独立 (independent of Egypt c.950 BCE); 'Meroe' also given as capital from c.760 in another passage | start -800 (display); WHC: Napatan 900–270 | ZH_EMB_PYR2020; source internally inconsistent |
| Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Condominium) | ru | partial | Англо-египетский Судан — название Судана в 1899–1951 | 1899–1956 | BRE_AES; BRE ends the name at Egypt's 1951 denunciation; main runs to independence |
| Makuria | en | conflict | Common simplification: Christian Nubia was Monophysite from its conversion | GHA II ch.12 (Michałowski): Makuria first converted to Melkite (Orthodox) Christianity by Justinian's mission c.567–70 and adopted Monophysitism only c.660–700; Nobadia was Monophysite from the start (Julianos mission sent by Theodora) | GHA2; Applies to Makuria only; 'Monophysite Nubia' holds for Nobadia and for Makuria after c.700 |