Chapters › Condominium · South Sudan – Upper Nile
Southern Sudan under Condominium / Sudan
1899 CE – 2011 CE Arabic under review
Approximate area of control
Research in progress No sourced map of this era's territory yet, so no area is drawn.
Key events
- First Civil War 1955–72
- Second Civil War 1983–2005
- Referendum Jan 2011
Capitals / sites
Juba
Geopolitics
Resistance to the early Condominium was local in character. It was led by the Nuer near the Sobat and White Nile, culminating in the 1927 revolt, and by the Azande under Yambio, who was defeated in 1905 and died in prison (GHA VII ch.4, pp.80–81). British policy developed the South 'in strict separation from the north': proselytising Islam was forbidden, Christian missions were encouraged, and mission schools taught in English. 'Two totally separate and mutually alien regions' resulted. In August 1955 the Equatoria Corps revolted against the northern takeover of posts (GHA VIII, pp.149–150).
Culture
Peoples of the South are not generally Muslims and do not claim Arab descent; islamisation and arabisation 'were restrained during the Condominium period, when European and American missionaries effected a limited christianization of the region' (HD2011, intro pp.2–3).
Economy
Research in progress We have not yet read a source for this section. It will be added once one is checked; nothing is filled in by guesswork.
Regional power
Research in progress We have not yet read a source for this section. It will be added once one is checked; nothing is filled in by guesswork.
Open data flags
- economy: no source-backed text yet
- regional_power: no actors scored
- Pass 13 text: Arabic is a working translation; needs native review
- Pass 17 text: [WORKING TRANSLATION – needs native Arabic review] for every Arabic field
- null reason – economy: no economic passage on the South in GHA VII/VIII or HD2011 intro
- null reason – economy: GHA VII/VIII describe resistance and the Southern Policy, not the economy; the only economic detail (a ma'mur's extortion of cattle, Aliab Dinka 1919) is anecdotal
Sources
- P.M. Holt & M.W. Daly (2011) A History of the Sudan: From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day Routledge (Pearson/Longman) link [en]
- H.A. Ibrahim (based on a contribution by Abbas I. Ali) African initiatives and resistance in North-East Africa (General History of Africa VII, ch.4) UNESCO link [en]
- A.A. Mazrui (ed.) General History of Africa VIII: Africa since 1935 – Sudan passages ('North Africa and the Horn', pp.148–150; economy and political-succession passages) UNESCO link [en]
- UN Security Council (2011) Resolution 1996 (2011) [UNMISS] United Nations link [en]
- Wikipedia contributors First Sudanese Civil War Wikipedia link [en]
- Wikipedia contributors Second Sudanese Civil War Wikipedia link [en]